Resumen: Antecedentes: En este estudio se presenta el desarrollo de la Brief Math Anxiety Scale (BMAS), una versión breve de la Shortened Math Anxiety Rating Scale (sMARS) manteniendo su estructura original de tres factores, aplicando la teoría de respuesta al ítem. Método: La sMARS, así como otros cuestionarios para medir su capacidad matemática, la ansiedad rasgo y frente a los exámenes y las actitudes hacia las matemáticas, se administraron a 1.349 estudiantes universitarios. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la escala original podía reducirse a nueve ítems (tres para cada subescala). Proporcionamos evidencia de sus buenas propiedades psicométricas: consistencia interna excelente, adecuada fiabilidad test-retest a las 7 semanas y buena validez convergente/discriminante. Conclusiones: En conclusión, la BMAS proporciona interpretaciones válidas y puntuaciones fiables para evaluar la ansiedad matemática en estudiantes universitarios y es especialmente útil en situaciones con disponibilidad de tiempo limitado, donde la forma más larga no es aplicable.

Abstract: Background: This study developed the Brief Math Anxiety Scale (BMAS), a brief version of the Shortened Math Anxiety Rating Scale (sMARS), maintaining its original three-factor structure, by applying item response theory. Method: The sMARS was administered to 1,349 undergraduates, along with other questionnaires to measure their math ability, trait and test anxieties, and attitudes toward mathematics. Results: Results showed that the original scale could be reduced to nine items (three for each subscale). We provided evidence of good psychometric properties: strong internal consistency, adequate 7-week test-retest reliability, and good convergent/discriminant validity. Conclusions: In conclusion, the BMAS provides valid interpretations and reliable scores for assessing math anxiety in university students, and is especially useful in situations with time constraints where the longer form is impractical.

Objective: To determine the extent of sexual victimization in four groups of Spanish adolescents based on their own reports. Method: An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted. Sexual victimization was assessed by seven questions included in the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The samples were composed of 1,105 adolescents (mean age [M] = 14.52, standard deviation [SD] = 1.76) from seven secondary schools; 149 adolescents (M = 14.28; SD = 1.45) from 14 child and adolescent mental health centers; 129 adolescents (M = 14.59, SD = 1.62) institutionalized in 18 long-term (78.3%) and short-term (21.7%) residential centers belonging to the child protection system; and 101 adolescents (M = 16.08, SD = 0.99) recruited from three detention centers (77.2%) and five open regime teams or follow-up services for court orders for minors not requiring loss of freedom (22.8%). Results: The extent of lifetime sexual victimization ranged from 14.7% of the adolescents in the community sample to 23.5% of youths attended in mental health services, 35.6% of youths involved in the juvenile justice system, and 36.4% of children protected by the child welfare system. Most of the victims were female, the only exception being the group of male victims from the juvenile justice system. Conclusions: Sexual victimization of children is widespread in Spain and its distribution differs depending on the group of children under study.

Objetivo: Conocer la extensión de la victimización sexual de menores en cuatro grupos de jóvenes españoles/as a partir de sus propios reportes. Método: Estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico. La victimización sexual se evaluó a partir de siete preguntas del Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Se encuestó a 1105 adolescentes (edad media [M] = 14,52; desviación típica [DT] = 1,76) de siete centros de educación secundaria, 149 adolescentes (M = 14,28; DT = 1,45) de 14 centros de salud mental infantojuvenil, 129 adolescentes (M = 14,59; DT = 1,62) institucionalizados en 18 centros residenciales (78,3%) y de acogida (21,7%) del sistema de protección, y 101 adolescentes (M = 16,08; DT = 0,99) reclutados/as en tres centros cerrados de justicia juvenil (77,2%) y cinco equipos de medio abierto (22,8%). Resultados: La extensión de la victimización sexual oscila entre un 14,7% a lo largo de la vida del total de la muestra comunitaria, un 23,5% en los/las jóvenes atendidos/as en centros de salud mental, un 35,6% de los/las jóvenes involucrados/as en el sistema de justicia juvenil y un 36,4% de los/las menores atendidos/as por el sistema de protección. Existe una mayoría de víctimas de sexo femenino, excepto en menores de justicia juvenil. Conclusiones: La victimización sexual de menores es un problema extendido en nuestro país, que se distribuye de manera diferencial en función del colectivo que se analice.

Objective: To determine the extent of sexual victimization in four groups of Spanish adolescents based on their own reports. Method: An observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study was conducted. Sexual victimization was assessed by seven questions included in the Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. The samples were composed of 1,105 adolescents (mean age [M] = 14.52, standard deviation [SD] = 1.76) from seven secondary schools; 149 adolescents (M = 14.28; SD = 1.45) from 14 child and adolescent mental health centers; 129 adolescents (M = 14.59, SD = 1.62) institutionalized in 18 long-term (78.3%) and short-term (21.7%) residential centers belonging to the child protection system; and 101 adolescents (M = 16.08, SD = 0.99) recruited from three detention centers (77.2%) and five open regime teams or follow-up services for court orders for minors not requiring loss of freedom (22.8%). Results: The extent of lifetime sexual victimization ranged from 14.7% of the adolescents in the community sample to 23.5% of youths attended in mental health services, 35.6% of youths involved in the juvenile justice system, and 36.4% of children protected by the child welfare system. Most of the victims were female, the only exception being the group of male victims from the juvenile justice system. Conclusions: Sexual victimization of children is widespread in Spain and its distribution differs depending on the group of children under study.

Objetivo: Conocer la extensión de la victimización sexual de menores en cuatro grupos de jóvenes españoles/as a partir de sus propios reportes. Método: Estudio observacional, transversal y multicéntrico. La victimización sexual se evaluó a partir de siete preguntas del Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire. Se encuestó a 1105 adolescentes (edad media [M] = 14,52; desviación típica [DT] = 1,76) de siete centros de educación secundaria, 149 adolescentes (M = 14,28; DT = 1,45) de 14 centros de salud mental infantojuvenil, 129 adolescentes (M = 14,59; DT = 1,62) institucionalizados en 18 centros residenciales (78,3%) y de acogida (21,7%) del sistema de protección, y 101 adolescentes (M = 16,08; DT = 0,99) reclutados/as en tres centros cerrados de justicia juvenil (77,2%) y cinco equipos de medio abierto (22,8%). Resultados: La extensión de la victimización sexual oscila entre un 14,7% a lo largo de la vida del total de la muestra comunitaria, un 23,5% en los/las jóvenes atendidos/as en centros de salud mental, un 35,6% de los/las jóvenes involucrados/as en el sistema de justicia juvenil y un 36,4% de los/las menores atendidos/as por el sistema de protección. Existe una mayoría de víctimas de sexo femenino, excepto en menores de justicia juvenil. Conclusiones: La victimización sexual de menores es un problema extendido en nuestro país, que se distribuye de manera diferencial en función del colectivo que se analice.

Background and Objectives: Several studies have shown an improved performance on neuropsychological tests among patients treated with atypical antipsychotics compared to traditional ones. Here we present a meta-analysis of various randomised control trials with the aim of exploring whether patients treated with atypical agents obtain better results than those treated with traditional ones. Methods: The studies to be included were located electronically in November 2008 via the Medline database. A systematic review and a meta-analysis were undertaken; effect sizes were combined according to the random effects model. The effects of several moderating variables were evaluated. Results: The results, based on 18 independent studies (N = 1808), indicate that in terms of the global cognitive index atypical antipsychotics offer minor benefits compared to typical agents as regards the cognitive function of patients, the mean effect size being 0.17 (95% CI 0.04 - 0.29). This observed effect was similar across the studies despite differences in their quality, the dose of haloperidol, the duration of treatment, pharmaceutical industry support, or the atypical antipsychotic used (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that compared to typical antipsychotics, atypical drugs produce a slight improvement in the global cognitive index, and several cognitive domains show a slight improvement in the neuropsychological performance of patients. We encourage further research on the relative effectiveness of several atypical antipsychotics.